An Institute in Exile: Marxist Criticism Comes to America
How the Institute for Social Research brought its Marxist research program to America and developed its criticism of capitalism during exile.
The Long
Insurgency
Trace the history of neo-Marxism in the United States.
Read the articles and explore the subject dossiers.
Begin readingArticles
The history over time
A sourced chronology.
Points mark cited events and dated claims. A bar joins two documented steps. Select either to read the evidence.
Events without theme tags
Gerlach dies before taking officeInstitute founded in FrankfurtAgreement provides continuing operating supportGrünberg sets out the Marxist research programCharter divides research and administrative authorityWeil and Pollock named as publishing-company managersCompany agrees to publish for the Moscow InstituteGrünberg’s stroke interrupts his leadershipPsychoanalytic teaching begins in shared roomsHorkheimer gains a professorshipHorkheimer agrees to manage the InstituteGeneva branch and funds abroadHorkheimer presents his research programHorkheimer becomes sole directorJournal presents a common research programNazi authorities close the Frankfurt InstituteInstitute establishes a Columbia baseHorkheimer connects criticism with social changeJournal announces American productionJournal publishes the radio-research collaborationPreface reports lectures and proposes a yearbookLetters discuss funds and continued collaborationInstitute begins returning to FrankfurtInstitute re-established with public fundingNew Frankfurt building opensJay studies Lowenthal’s Institute archiveJay publishes The Dialectical Imagination
Selected milestone
October 1922
Dossier event · reported claim
Gerlach dies before taking office
Source locator: p. 62 · Date precision: month
Theme not assigned
Published dossier events and dated claims appear here automatically. A theme marks a reading route, not evidence that subjects shared a doctrine or influenced one another.
Dossiers
Explore a subject's history and sources.
The story, with its sources.
Articles tell the story. Dossiers collect a subject's history and sources. Follow the citations to examine the evidence.
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A source can document an action, report an account or support an assessment. A shared institution or a citation alone does not establish agreement or adoption.